By Molly de Blanc, Mathieu O’Neil, Mahin Raissi, Stefano Zacchiroli
Introduction
The benefits of private ownership mainly flow to owners and shareholders in the shape of financial profits, efficient and reliable operations, and the control of a docile workforce. In addition, markets enable transactions to be recorded, and different types of speculation to occur, which engender more profits for owners. The benefits of ethical-modular organisations (EMOs) are socialized: there are no restrictions on who profits. A central characteristic of EMOs is that participants relinquish exclusive property rights over the resource they have created.
The literature on the relationship between EMOs and capitalist firms can be said to fit into four categories (O’Neil, 2015). A ‘panoptic’ view overlooks the abjuration of exclusive property rights, so that EMOs can be defined as a variant of the evolution of capitalist firms into post-bureaucratic networks (Clegg et al., 2006). ‘Skeptics’ view this abjuration as irrelevant, and EMOs as increasing worker exploitation (Kreiss et al., 2011). In contrast, ‘activists’ celebrate the abjuration of exclusive property rights, and present EMOs as key actors in a historical process leading to the disappearance of capitalism and hierarchy (Kostakis & Bauwens, 2014; Meretz, 2012; Merten & Richardson 2001; Rigi, 2013; Siefkes, 2009). Finally ‘reformists’ suggest that the co-optation of communal labour by firms will benefit business practices and society (Bonacorsi, Giannangeli, & Rossi, 2006; Dahlander & Magnusson, 2005; Demil, Lecoq, & Warnier, 2015).
Mathieu and Zack’s aim with this issue of the Journal of Peer Production on work and peer production was practical: they sought case studies documenting, concretely, how self-directed work coexists with waged labour. Mansell & Berdou (2010) suggest that workers being paid by firms to contribute to the commons does not affect the ‘cooperative spirit’ of projects. Is this always the case? Other questions include: does the autonomy of peer workers cause conflict in firms, and how is it resolved? What strategies do firms adopt to co-opt peer production? Do tensions around property rights emerge? Given Zack’s past history with Debian (he was elected Debian Project Leader three years in a row) they decided to investigate this issue in the Debian project. Members of the Debian community were to be asked whether they are contributing as non-waged volunteers or as paid contributors; if the latter, was this on behalf of external firms or of their own independent professional career? At this point Molly de Blanc joined the team. Like Zack, Molly’s interest in Debian extended beyond the question of wages and labour to the development of a demographic portrait of Debian contributors.
Debian is a GNU/Linux operating system composed almost entirely of free software, originally released in 1993 by Ian Murdock. The project has grown to the extent that between January and May of 2017, 1,368 individuals contributed to the project (Debian Contributor list, 2017). The Debian Project supports a robust community, across more than 60 countries (Perrier, 2014). The Debian operating system is also used all over the world, as well as in the International Space Station (Bridgewater, 2013). Debian is a remarkable EMO, whose robustness and strict adherence to the principles of free software have made it legendary. It also has a highly developed governance structure: Debian has adopted a Social Contract spelling out the project’s goals. Its Constitution defines the process whereby every Developer can launch a petition (‘General Resolution’) to amend it, as well as procedures governing the yearly election of the Debian Project Leader (DPL). DPLs have no powers of control: their role is one of external representation and of synthesis of new proposals (O’Neil 2009, 2014). As the Debian project offers no formal contracts for development or support, it can be assumed that there are people getting paid to work on or implement Debian by their employers. Indeed it is ‘common knowledge’ among Debian Developers (a type of status within the project that denotes formal membership and also grants the right to vote on major project-wide decisions), that participation in Debian will result in a contributor being targeted for recruitment by companies, including Google (P., 2014).
Survey presentation, response and demographic data
In order to investigate the relationship between paid development time and contribution to Debian and the question of how corporate interests influence the direction of the project, we created a survey using the online tool LimeSurvey. Questions focused on motivation for contribution, employer and professional interest in the Debian project, and other professional concerns. Additionally, we gathered demographic information, including age, country of residence, education level, and status within the project. The survey was approved by the University of Canberra Human Research Ethics Committee.
In this Report, we present our full dataset to facilitate further analysis by other researchers. Mahin Raissi produced the tables, cross-tabulations and charts. We offer some preliminary comments below. Our next move will be to interview respondents to clarify some of the issues raised by the survey.
We received 1,479 survey responses, an extraordinarily high response rate. Our first observation is hence that members of the Debian project were highly interested in being studied. Not only did the response rate exceed our expectations: project members also engaged in dialog with one another and with the survey administrators about the survey, as witnessed first-hand by the two administrators who are also Debian contributors. There is strong interest within the community to see the survey results and learn more about how it operates as a project and community. Whilst there are approximately 1,000 Debian Developers, it is estimated that only 300 are currently active in the project, so the response rate of 261 for this category was very high.
Survey participants were overwhelmingly male (95%) and between the ages of 30-50 (73.4%). They are well educated (86.8% have obtained an undergraduate degree, and 42.5% have a Masters degree). 73.4% of respondents are employed, 13.4% are contractors or self-employed, and 4.8% manage their own business. 81.1% describe their work status as ‘stable’, and 15% as ‘unstable’. In addition 47.6% of responding DDs feel as though their experience working with Debian had a meaningful role in gaining employment, whilst the proportion is lesser for other categories. 67.6% of respondents run Debian on their computers at work (73.6% for DDs) and a significant number also contribute to other FOSS projects (78.4% of DDs do so).
Firm influence in an ethical project
941 respondents answered the question ‘Are you paid to contribute to Debian?’ out of which 172 (18.3%) answered in the affirmative—the definition of ‘contribute’ in this case was left to the respondent. Among those 172 respondents, 145 weighed in on whether they publicly acknowledge the organisation or individual paying them when they are using paid time to work on Debian, and only 79 (54.5%) do so. This suggests that 45.5% of paid contributions to the project are made without formally recognizing the interest third-party organisations have in the Debian project.
This frequency of recognition carries through to Debian Developers (DDs) who are using paid time to contribute to the project. Debian Developers have the capacity to influence the strategic direction of the project, so their attitude towards firm influence in the EMO is of particular interest. 253 DDs addressed the question of being paid to contribute. 93 (36.8%) responded in the affirmative. That said, not many DDs spend a significant amount of their paid time working on Debian (only 3 report spending more than 80% of their work time contributing to Debian; 70 respondents or 79.5% of valid responses report spending 0-20% of their work time contributing to Debian). More than half of the responding DDs (56.3%) reported that 0-20% of their Debian contributions are being paid for. Only four respondents said that more than 80% of their contributions are paid for. Finally, 226 DDs answered the question of whether they have co-workers who are also Debian contributors (with 44.2% responding in the affirmative). The number of DDs answering the question ‘Do you communicate with co-workers about your firm’s interests in Debian?’ was much lower: only 52 responded, out of which 41 (78.8%) said ‘yes’. This suggests both a strong desire to communicate about Debian with co-workers (in the case of those who addressed the second question) as well as a reluctance to confront the possibility of conflicts of interest (in the case of those who addressed the first, but not the second question).
We now present our data: first a general description of contributors, followed by several cross-tabulations and finally we provide the responss of a single category of contributors, Debian Developers or DDs.
References
Bonacorsi, A., Giannangeli, S., & Rossi, C. (2006). Entry strategies under competing standards: Hybrid business models in the Open Source software industry. Management Science, 52, 1085–1098.
Bridgewater, A. (2013). ‘International Space Station adopts Debian Linux, drops Windows & Red Hat into airlock.’ ComputerWeekly.com. May 13, 2013. (online)
Clegg, S. R., Courpasson, D., & Phillips, N. (2006). Power and organisations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
Dahlander, L., & Magnusson, M. (2008). How do firms make use of Open Source communities? Long Range Planning, 41, 629–649.
Demil, B., Lecocq, X. and Warnier, V. (2013) The Capabilities of bazaar governance: investigating the advantages of business models based on open communities, The Business Model Community Working Paper Series, 2013-11.
Kostakis, V., & Bauwens, M. (2014). Network society and future scenarios for a collaborative economy. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kreiss, D., Finn, M., & Turner, F. (2011). The limits of peer production: Some reminders from Max Weber for the network society. New Media & Society, 13, 243–259.
Mansell, R., & Berdou, E. (2010). Political economy, the internet and FL/OSS development. In Hunsinger, J., Allen, M., & Klastrup, L. (Eds.), International handbook of Internet research (pp. 341–362). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Springer.
Meretz, S. (2012). Ten patterns developed by the Oekonux movement. Journal of Peer Production, 1. (online)
Merten, S., & Richardson, J. (2001). Free Software & GPL Society. Stefan Merten of Oekonux interviewed by Joanne Richardson, Subsol. (online)
O’Neil, M. (2009). Cyberchiefs: Autonomy and authority in online tribes. London: Pluto Press.
O’Neil, M. (2014). Hacking Weber: Legitimacy, critique and trust in peer production. Information, Communication & Society, 17, 872–888.
O’Neil, M. (2015) Labour out of control. The political economy of capitalist and ethical organisations. Organization Studies, 36 (12), 1627-1647.
Perrier, C. (2014) Developers per country (July 14). Bubulle’s Weblog. <http://www.perrier.eu.org/weblog/2014/07/29#devel-countries-201407>
P, D. (2017) Re: Google contacting (harassing?) new DDs, Debian-project. <https://lists.debian.org/debian-project/2013/12/msg00056.html>
Rigi, J. (2013). Peer production and Marxian communism: Contours of a new emerging mode of production. Capital & Class, 37, 397–416.
Descriptive analysis of the entire sample
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Project Member (also known as “Debian Developer” or “DD”) |
261 |
17.6 |
25.7 |
25.7 |
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
17 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
27.4 |
|
|
Debian Maintainer |
86 |
5.8 |
8.5 |
35.9 |
|
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
362 |
24.5 |
35.7 |
71.6 |
|
|
User (every other Debian user) |
288 |
19.5 |
28.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
1014 |
68.6 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
465 |
31.4 |
|||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
[Other] What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
||
|
Frequency |
||
|
Valid |
Contributor with no formal association, in NM queue currently |
1 |
|
DD with revoked 1024-bit gpg key. |
1 |
|
|
former Debian Master Maintainer |
1 |
|
|
localisation |
1 |
|
|
Maintainer (no upload rights) |
1 |
|
|
member of pkg-perl, bug report/patches, backports an packaging |
1 |
|
|
Retired |
1 |
|
|
uploader via sponsor, non-DM |
1 |
|
|
upstream developer |
1 |
|
|
user with few bug reports |
1 |
|
|
Total |
10 |
|
|
Missing |
1469 |
|
|
Total |
1479 |
|
|
Gender identity |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
female |
17 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
|
male |
798 |
54.0 |
95.5 |
97.5 |
|
|
other |
21 |
1.4 |
2.5 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
836 |
56.5 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
643 |
43.5 |
|||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Age |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
<20 |
14 |
.9 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
20-29 |
132 |
8.9 |
16.1 |
17.8 |
|
|
30-39 |
377 |
25.5 |
46.0 |
63.8 |
|
|
40-49 |
225 |
15.2 |
27.4 |
91.2 |
|
|
50-59 |
57 |
3.9 |
7.0 |
98.2 |
|
|
>60 |
15 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
820 |
55.4 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
0 |
659 |
44.6 |
||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Highest level of education received |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
High school |
24 |
9.2 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
|
Bachelor |
61 |
23.4 |
25.2 |
35.1 |
|
|
Master |
103 |
39.5 |
42.6 |
77.7 |
|
|
Vocational / professional training |
8 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
81.0 |
|
|
Ph.D. / doctorate |
40 |
15.3 |
16.5 |
97.5 |
|
|
Other post-graduate education |
6 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
242 |
92.7 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
19 |
7.3 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Are you paid to contribute to Debian? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
172 |
11.6 |
18.3 |
18.3 |
|
No |
769 |
52.0 |
81.7 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
941 |
63.6 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
538 |
36.4 |
||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Are you currently a student in a degree, diploma, or qualification program? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
128 |
8.7 |
13.7 |
13.7 |
|
No |
808 |
54.6 |
86.3 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
936 |
63.3 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
543 |
36.7 |
|||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Are you studying full-time or part-time? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Full-time |
72 |
4.9 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
|
Part-time |
50 |
3.4 |
41.0 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
122 |
8.2 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
1357 |
91.8 |
|||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Which of the following best describes your current work status? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Employed |
697 |
47.1 |
73.4 |
73.4 |
|
Contractor / Self-employed / Independent worker |
127 |
8.6 |
13.4 |
86.7 |
|
|
Owner / manager of my company |
46 |
3.1 |
4.8 |
91.6 |
|
|
Unemployed |
70 |
4.7 |
7.4 |
98.9 |
|
|
Retired |
10 |
.7 |
1.1 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
950 |
64.2 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
529 |
35.8 |
|||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
How stable is your current work condition? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Stable |
688 |
46.5 |
81.1 |
81.1 |
|
Unstable |
127 |
8.6 |
15.0 |
96.1 |
|
|
Unknown |
33 |
2.2 |
3.9 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
848 |
57.3 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
631 |
42.7 |
|||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do you run Debian on your work computer? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
569 |
38.5 |
67.6 |
67.6 |
|
No |
273 |
18.5 |
32.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
842 |
56.9 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
637 |
43.1 |
||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
How much of your work time is spent contributing to Debian? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
0-20% |
139 |
9.4 |
9.4 |
98.1 |
|
|
21-40% |
15 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
99.1 |
|
|
41-60% |
4 |
.3 |
.3 |
99.4 |
|
|
61-80% |
4 |
.3 |
.3 |
99.7 |
|
|
81-100% |
5 |
.3 |
.3 |
100.0 |
|
|
Missing |
1312 |
88.7 |
88.7 |
88.7 |
|
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
||
|
Do you publicly acknowledge your organization (employer, client, etc.) when contributing to Debian on paid time? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
79 |
5.3 |
54.5 |
54.5 |
|
No |
66 |
4.5 |
45.5 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
145 |
9.8 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
1334 |
90.2 |
||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do you have coworkers that are also Debian contributors? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
246 |
16.6 |
34.0 |
34.0 |
|
No |
477 |
32.3 |
66.0 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
723 |
48.9 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
756 |
51.1 |
||
|
Total |
1479 |
100.0 |
|||
Cross-tabulations for the entire sample
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Gender identity Cross tabulation |
||||||
|
Gender identity |
||||||
|
female |
male |
other |
Total |
|||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (also known as “Debian Developer” or “DD”) |
Count |
4 |
231 |
4 |
239 |
|
% of Total |
0.5% |
28.1% |
0.5% |
29.1% |
||
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
Count |
2 |
12 |
1 |
15 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.2% |
1.5% |
0.1% |
1.8% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
1 |
74 |
2 |
77 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.1% |
9.0% |
0.2% |
9.4% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
8 |
284 |
9 |
301 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.0% |
34.5% |
1.1% |
36.6% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
0 |
185 |
5 |
190 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.0% |
22.5% |
0.6% |
23.1% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
15 |
786 |
21 |
822 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.8% |
95.6% |
2.6% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Age Cross tabulation |
|||||||||
|
Age |
Total |
||||||||
|
<20 |
20-29 |
30-39 |
40-49 |
50-59 |
>60 |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
1 |
23 |
126 |
73 |
9 |
2 |
234 |
|
% within Age |
7.1% |
17.4% |
34.0% |
32.9% |
16.4% |
15.4% |
29.0% |
||
|
% of Total |
0.1% |
2.9% |
15.6% |
9.0% |
1.1% |
0.2% |
29.0% |
||
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
Count |
0 |
3 |
8 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
16 |
|
|
% within Age |
0.0% |
2.3% |
2.2% |
2.3% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2.0% |
||
|
% of Total |
0.0% |
0.4% |
1.0% |
0.6% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
2.0% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
1 |
12 |
40 |
19 |
2 |
0 |
74 |
|
|
% within Age |
7.1% |
9.1% |
10.8% |
8.6% |
3.6% |
0.0% |
9.2% |
||
|
% of Total |
0.1% |
1.5% |
5.0% |
2.4% |
0.2% |
0.0% |
9.2% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
5 |
64 |
133 |
65 |
22 |
6 |
295 |
|
|
% within Age |
35.7% |
48.5% |
35.8% |
29.3% |
40.0% |
46.2% |
36.6% |
||
|
% of Total |
0.6% |
7.9% |
16.5% |
8.1% |
2.7% |
0.7% |
36.6% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
7 |
30 |
64 |
60 |
22 |
5 |
188 |
|
|
% within Age |
50.0% |
22.7% |
17.3% |
27.0% |
40.0% |
38.5% |
23.3% |
||
|
% of Total |
0.9% |
3.7% |
7.9% |
7.4% |
2.7% |
0.6% |
23.3% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
14 |
132 |
371 |
222 |
55 |
13 |
807 |
|
|
% within Age |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
||
|
% of Total |
1.7% |
16.4% |
46.0% |
27.5% |
6.8% |
1.6% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Highest level of education received Cross tabulation |
|||||||||
|
Highest level of education received |
Total |
||||||||
|
High school |
Bachelor |
Master |
Vocational / professional training |
Ph.D |
Other post-graduate education |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“DD”) |
Count |
24 |
61 |
103 |
8 |
40 |
6 |
242 |
|
% of Total |
2.9% |
7.5% |
12.6% |
1.0% |
4.9% |
0.7% |
29.6% |
||
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
Count |
2 |
2 |
8 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
16 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.2% |
0.2% |
1.0% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
2.0% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
14 |
14 |
26 |
3 |
20 |
1 |
78 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.7% |
1.7% |
3.2% |
0.4% |
2.4% |
0.1% |
9.5% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
42 |
76 |
131 |
7 |
37 |
8 |
301 |
|
|
% of Total |
5.1% |
9.3% |
16.0% |
0.9% |
4.5% |
1.0% |
36.8% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
55 |
38 |
51 |
8 |
18 |
10 |
180 |
|
|
% of Total |
6.7% |
4.7% |
6.2% |
1.0% |
2.2% |
1.2% |
22.0% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
137 |
191 |
319 |
27 |
117 |
26 |
817 |
|
|
% of Total |
16.8% |
23.4% |
39.0% |
3.3% |
14.3% |
3.2% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Are you currently a student in a degree, diploma, or qualification program? Crosstabulation |
|||||
|
Are you currently a student in a degree, diploma, or qualification program? |
Total |
||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
14 |
236 |
250 |
|
% of Total |
1.5% |
25.6% |
27.1% |
||
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
Count |
2 |
14 |
16 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.2% |
1.5% |
1.7% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
10 |
71 |
81 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.1% |
7.7% |
8.8% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
60 |
267 |
327 |
|
|
% of Total |
6.5% |
28.9% |
35.4% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
42 |
207 |
249 |
|
|
% of Total |
4.6% |
22.4% |
27.0% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
128 |
795 |
923 |
|
|
% of Total |
13.9% |
86.1% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Which of the following best describes your current work status? Cross tabulation |
||||||||
|
Which of the following best describes your current work status? |
Total |
|||||||
|
Employed |
Contractor/ Self-employed/ Independent worker |
Owner / manager of my company |
Unemployed |
Retired |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“DD”) |
Count |
203 |
32 |
12 |
8 |
1 |
256 |
|
% of Total |
21.6% |
3.4% |
1.3% |
0.9% |
0.1% |
27.3% |
||
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
Count |
12 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
16 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.3% |
0.3% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.0% |
1.7% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
67 |
7 |
1 |
8 |
0 |
83 |
|
|
% of Total |
7.1% |
0.7% |
0.1% |
0.9% |
0.0% |
8.8% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
227 |
54 |
20 |
31 |
4 |
336 |
|
|
% of Total |
24.2% |
5.8% |
2.1% |
3.3% |
0.4% |
35.8% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
183 |
28 |
12 |
20 |
4 |
247 |
|
|
% of Total |
19.5% |
3.0% |
1.3% |
2.1% |
0.4% |
26.3% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
692 |
124 |
45 |
68 |
9 |
938 |
|
|
% of Total |
73.8% |
13.2% |
4.8% |
7.2% |
1.0% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * How stable is your current work condition? Cross tabulation |
||||||
|
How stable is your current work condition? |
Total |
|||||
|
Stable |
Unstable |
Unknown (e.g., dependent on a single contract that can be broken at any time) |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
210 |
23 |
9 |
242 |
|
% of Total |
25.0% |
2.7% |
1.1% |
28.8% |
||
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
Count |
11 |
3 |
0 |
14 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.3% |
0.4% |
0.0% |
1.7% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
59 |
13 |
3 |
75 |
|
|
% of Total |
7.0% |
1.5% |
0.4% |
8.9% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
225 |
54 |
13 |
292 |
|
|
% of Total |
26.8% |
6.4% |
1.5% |
34.8% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
176 |
32 |
8 |
216 |
|
|
% of Total |
21.0% |
3.8% |
1.0% |
25.7% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
681 |
125 |
33 |
839 |
|
|
% of Total |
81.2% |
14.9% |
3.9% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Do you run Debian on your work computer? cross tabulation |
|||||
|
Do you run Debian on your work computer? |
Total |
||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
176 |
63 |
239 |
|
% of Total |
21.1% |
7.6% |
28.7% |
||
|
Project Member, non-uploading |
Count |
8 |
7 |
15 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.0% |
0.8% |
1.8% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
52 |
23 |
75 |
|
|
% of Total |
6.2% |
2.8% |
9.0% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
202 |
89 |
291 |
|
|
% of Total |
24.2% |
10.7% |
34.9% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
125 |
88 |
213 |
|
|
% of Total |
15.0% |
10.6% |
25.6% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
563 |
270 |
833 |
|
|
% of Total |
67.6% |
32.4% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Does your firm offer technical support for the Debian operating system? Crosstabulation |
||||||
|
Does your firm offer technical support for the Debian operating system? |
Total |
|||||
|
Yes, formally through an IT department |
Yes, informally through colleagues |
No |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
33 |
58 |
72 |
163 |
|
% of Total |
6.2% |
11.0% |
13.6% |
30.8% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
1 |
3 |
3 |
7 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.2% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
1.3% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
6 |
20 |
24 |
50 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.1% |
3.8% |
4.5% |
9.5% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
41 |
54 |
94 |
189 |
|
|
% of Total |
7.8% |
10.2% |
17.8% |
35.7% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
26 |
24 |
70 |
120 |
|
|
% of Total |
4.9% |
4.5% |
13.2% |
22.7% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
107 |
159 |
263 |
529 |
|
|
% of Total |
20.2% |
30.1% |
49.7% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Are you paid to contribute to Debian? Crosstabulation |
|||||
|
Are you paid to contribute to Debian? |
Total |
||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
93 |
160 |
253 |
|
% of Total |
10.0% |
17.2% |
27.3% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
3 |
13 |
16 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.3% |
1.4% |
1.7% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
15 |
68 |
83 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.6% |
7.3% |
8.9% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
45 |
297 |
342 |
|
|
% of Total |
4.8% |
32.0% |
36.9% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
14 |
220 |
234 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.5% |
23.7% |
25.2% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
170 |
758 |
928 |
|
|
% of Total |
18.3% |
81.7% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * How much of your work time is spent contributing to Debian? Crosstabulation |
||||||||
|
How much of your work time is spent contributing to Debian? |
Total |
|||||||
|
0-20% |
21-40% |
41-60% |
61-80% |
81-100% |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
70 |
11 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
88 |
|
% of Total |
42.4% |
6.7% |
1.2% |
1.2% |
1.8% |
53.3% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.8% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
1.8% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
11 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
15 |
|
|
% of Total |
6.7% |
1.2% |
0.6% |
0.0% |
0.6% |
9.1% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
41 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
45 |
|
|
% of Total |
24.8% |
1.2% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
0.0% |
27.3% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
12 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
14 |
|
|
% of Total |
7.3% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
8.5% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
137 |
15 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
165 |
|
|
% of Total |
83.0% |
9.1% |
2.4% |
2.4% |
3.0% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * How much of your Debian work is being paid for? Crosstabulation |
|||||||||||||
|
How much of your Debian work is being paid for? |
Total |
||||||||||||
|
0-20% |
21-40% |
41-60% |
61-80% |
81-100% |
|||||||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
49 |
18 |
11 |
5 |
4 |
87 |
|||||
|
% of Total |
31.0% |
11.4% |
7.0% |
3.2% |
2.5% |
55.1% |
|||||||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
||||||
|
% of Total |
1.3% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.6% |
1.9% |
|||||||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
7 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
15 |
||||||
|
% of Total |
4.4% |
1.9% |
0.0% |
0.6% |
2.5% |
9.5% |
|||||||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
15 |
5 |
6 |
5 |
9 |
40 |
||||||
|
% of Total |
9.5% |
3.2% |
3.8% |
3.2% |
5.7% |
25.3% |
|||||||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
7 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
13 |
||||||
|
% of Total |
4.4% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
1.9% |
8.2% |
|||||||
|
Total |
Count |
80 |
27 |
18 |
12 |
21 |
158 |
||||||
|
% of Total |
50.6% |
17.1% |
11.4% |
7.6% |
13.3% |
100.0% |
|||||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Do you publicly acknowledge your organization (employer, client, etc.) when contributing to Debian on paid time? Crosstabulation |
|||||||||||||
|
Do you publicly acknowledge your organization (employer, client, etc.) when contributing to Debian on paid time? |
Total |
||||||||||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||||||||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
47 |
34 |
81 |
||||||||
|
% of Total |
32.6% |
23.6% |
56.3% |
||||||||||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||||
|
% of Total |
0.7% |
1.4% |
2.1% |
||||||||||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
7 |
7 |
14 |
|||||||||
|
% of Total |
4.9% |
4.9% |
9.7% |
||||||||||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
18 |
19 |
37 |
|||||||||
|
% of Total |
12.5% |
13.2% |
25.7% |
||||||||||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
6 |
3 |
9 |
|||||||||
|
% of Total |
4.2% |
2.1% |
6.3% |
||||||||||
|
Total |
Count |
79 |
65 |
144 |
|||||||||
|
% of Total |
54.9% |
45.1% |
100.0% |
||||||||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Did your involvement in Debian influence obtaining your current job position? Crosstabulation |
|||||
|
Did your involvement in Debian influence obtaining your current job position? |
Total |
||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
108 |
119 |
227 |
|
% of Total |
14.0% |
15.4% |
29.3% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
5 |
10 |
15 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.6% |
1.3% |
1.9% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
20 |
51 |
71 |
|
|
% of Total |
2.6% |
6.6% |
9.2% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
51 |
220 |
271 |
|
|
% of Total |
6.6% |
28.4% |
35.0% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
24 |
166 |
190 |
|
|
% of Total |
3.1% |
21.4% |
24.5% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
208 |
566 |
774 |
|
|
% of Total |
26.9% |
73.1% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Do you feel more passionate about your (paid) job or about Debian? Crosstabulation |
||||||
|
Do you feel more passionate about your (paid) job or about Debian? |
Total |
|||||
|
Debian |
(Paid) job |
Neither / equal |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
94 |
30 |
105 |
229 |
|
% of Total |
13.2% |
4.2% |
14.8% |
32.3% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
4 |
4 |
6 |
14 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.6% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
2.0% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
25 |
12 |
27 |
64 |
|
|
% of Total |
3.5% |
1.7% |
3.8% |
9.0% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
80 |
62 |
108 |
250 |
|
|
% of Total |
11.3% |
8.7% |
15.2% |
35.2% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
56 |
29 |
68 |
153 |
|
|
% of Total |
7.9% |
4.1% |
9.6% |
21.5% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
259 |
137 |
314 |
710 |
|
|
% of Total |
36.5% |
19.3% |
44.2% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * How would you compare your role in Debian project to your role at work? Crosstabulation |
|||||
|
How would you compare your role in Debian project to your role at work? |
Total |
||||
|
They are similar positions / they require the same skillset |
They are different positions / they require different skillsets |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
76 |
152 |
228 |
|
% of Total |
11.5% |
22.9% |
34.4% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
5 |
7 |
12 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.8% |
1.1% |
1.8% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
24 |
42 |
66 |
|
|
% of Total |
3.6% |
6.3% |
10.0% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
84 |
163 |
247 |
|
|
% of Total |
12.7% |
24.6% |
37.3% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
37 |
73 |
110 |
|
|
% of Total |
5.6% |
11.0% |
16.6% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
226 |
437 |
663 |
|
|
% of Total |
34.1% |
65.9% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * How much pressure do you feel to meet delivery goals and deadlines — in Debian and at work? Crosstabulation |
||||||
|
How much pressure do you feel to meet delivery goals and deadlines — in Debian and at work? |
Total |
|||||
|
More pressure at work / less in Debian |
Equal amounts of pressure at work and in Debian |
More pressure in Debian / less at work |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
178 |
45 |
5 |
228 |
|
% of Total |
27.3% |
6.9% |
0.8% |
35.0% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
11 |
2 |
0 |
13 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.7% |
0.3% |
0.0% |
2.0% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
49 |
14 |
3 |
66 |
|
|
% of Total |
7.5% |
2.2% |
0.5% |
10.1% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
211 |
25 |
3 |
239 |
|
|
% of Total |
32.4% |
3.8% |
0.5% |
36.7% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
91 |
12 |
2 |
105 |
|
|
% of Total |
14.0% |
1.8% |
0.3% |
16.1% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
540 |
98 |
13 |
651 |
|
|
% of Total |
82.9% |
15.1% |
2.0% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Do you have coworkers that are also Debian contributors? Crosstabulation |
|||||
|
Do you have coworkers that are also Debian contributors? |
Total |
||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
100 |
126 |
226 |
|
% of Total |
14.0% |
17.6% |
31.6% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
5 |
9 |
14 |
|
|
% of Total |
0.7% |
1.3% |
2.0% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
23 |
47 |
70 |
|
|
% of Total |
3.2% |
6.6% |
9.8% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
81 |
177 |
258 |
|
|
% of Total |
11.3% |
24.7% |
36.0% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
34 |
114 |
148 |
|
|
% of Total |
4.7% |
15.9% |
20.7% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
243 |
473 |
716 |
|
|
% of Total |
33.9% |
66.1% |
100.0% |
||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? * Do you communicate with coworkers about your firm’s interests in Debian? Crosstabulation |
|||||
|
Do you communicate with coworkers about your firm’s interests in Debian? |
Total |
||||
|
Yes |
No |
||||
|
What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project? |
Project Member (“Debian Developer”) |
Count |
41 |
11 |
52 |
|
% of Total |
42.3% |
11.3% |
53.6% |
||
|
Project Member, non uploading |
Count |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
% of Total |
1.0% |
1.0% |
2.1% |
||
|
Debian Maintainer |
Count |
6 |
0 |
6 |
|
|
% of Total |
6.2% |
0.0% |
6.2% |
||
|
Contributor with no formal project association |
Count |
20 |
7 |
27 |
|
|
% of Total |
20.6% |
7.2% |
27.8% |
||
|
User (every other Debian user) |
Count |
8 |
2 |
10 |
|
|
% of Total |
8.2% |
2.1% |
10.3% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
76 |
21 |
97 |
|
|
% of Total |
78.4% |
21.6% |
100.0% |
||
Descriptive analysis of the sample including only Debian Developers
This section provides a brief descriptive analysis of the sample including only Debian developers, those respondents who have chosen “Project Member (“Debian Developer”)” in response to the question: “What is your current “formal” status in the Debian project?”
|
Gender identity |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Female |
4 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
|
Male |
231 |
88.5 |
96.7 |
98.3 |
|
|
Other |
4 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
239 |
91.6 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
22 |
8.4 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Age |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
<20 |
1 |
.4 |
.4 |
.4 |
|
20-29 |
23 |
8.8 |
9.8 |
10.3 |
|
|
30-39 |
126 |
48.3 |
53.8 |
64.1 |
|
|
40-49 |
73 |
28.0 |
31.2 |
95.3 |
|
|
50-59 |
9 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
99.1 |
|
|
>60 |
2 |
.8 |
.9 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
234 |
89.7 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
0 |
27 |
10.3 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Notes: average age=37.88, min=19, max=65 |
|||||
|
Highest level of education received |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
High school |
24 |
9.2 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
|
Bachelor |
61 |
23.4 |
25.2 |
35.1 |
|
|
Master |
103 |
39.5 |
42.6 |
77.7 |
|
|
Vocational / professional training |
8 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
81.0 |
|
|
Ph.D. |
40 |
15.3 |
16.5 |
97.5 |
|
|
Other post-graduate education |
6 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
242 |
92.7 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
19 |
7.3 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Which of the following best describes your current work status? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Employed |
203 |
77.8 |
79.3 |
79.3 |
|
Contractor / Self-employed / Independent worker |
32 |
12.3 |
12.5 |
91.8 |
|
|
Owner / manager of my company |
12 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
96.5 |
|
|
Unemployed |
8 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
99.6 |
|
|
Retired |
1 |
.4 |
.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
256 |
98.1 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
5 |
1.9 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
How stable is your current work condition? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Stable (e.g., salaried with a permanent contract, or contractor with regular long-term contracts) |
210 |
80.5 |
86.8 |
86.8 |
|
Unstable (e.g., temporary positions, or contractor with irregular contracts) |
23 |
8.8 |
9.5 |
96.3 |
|
|
Unknown (e.g., dependent on a single contract that can be broken at any time) |
9 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
242 |
92.7 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
19 |
7.3 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Are you currently a student in a degree, diploma, or qualification program? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
14 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
|
No |
236 |
90.4 |
94.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
250 |
95.8 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
11 |
4.2 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
In addition to Debian, are you contributing to other Free/Open Source Software projects? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
185 |
70.9 |
78.4 |
78.4 |
|
No |
51 |
19.5 |
21.6 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
236 |
90.4 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
25 |
9.6 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do you run Debian on your work computer? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
176 |
67.4 |
73.6 |
73.6 |
|
No |
63 |
24.1 |
26.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
239 |
91.6 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
22 |
8.4 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Was using Debian on your work computer required by your firm or a personal choice? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Required by firm |
8 |
3.1 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
|
Personal choice |
166 |
63.6 |
95.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
174 |
66.7 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
87 |
33.3 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Does your firm offer technical support for the Debian operating system? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes, formally through an IT department |
33 |
12.6 |
20.2 |
20.2 |
|
Yes, informally through colleagues |
58 |
22.2 |
35.6 |
55.8 |
|
|
No |
72 |
27.6 |
44.2 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
163 |
62.5 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
98 |
37.5 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Are you paid to contribute to Debian? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
93 |
35.6 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
|
No |
160 |
61.3 |
63.2 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
253 |
96.9 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
8 |
3.1 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
How much of your work time is spent contributing to Debian? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
0-20% |
70 |
26.8 |
79.5 |
79.5 |
|
21-40% |
11 |
4.2 |
12.5 |
92.0 |
|
|
41-60% |
2 |
.8 |
2.3 |
94.3 |
|
|
61-80% |
2 |
.8 |
2.3 |
96.6 |
|
|
81-100% |
3 |
1.1 |
3.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
88 |
33.7 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
173 |
66.3 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
How much of your Debian work is being paid for? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
0-20% |
49 |
18.8 |
56.3 |
56.3 |
|
21-40% |
18 |
6.9 |
20.7 |
77.0 |
|
|
41-60% |
11 |
4.2 |
12.6 |
89.7 |
|
|
61-80% |
5 |
1.9 |
5.7 |
95.4 |
|
|
81-100% |
4 |
1.5 |
4.6 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
87 |
33.3 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
174 |
66.7 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do you publicly acknowledge your organization (employer, client, etc.) when contributing to Debian on paid time? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
47 |
18.0 |
58.0 |
58.0 |
|
No |
34 |
13.0 |
42.0 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
81 |
31.0 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
180 |
69.0 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Did your involvement in Debian influence obtaining your current job position? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
108 |
41.4 |
47.6 |
47.6 |
|
No |
119 |
45.6 |
52.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
227 |
87.0 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
34 |
13.0 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do you have co-workers that are also Debian contributors? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
100 |
38.3 |
44.2 |
44.2 |
|
No |
126 |
48.3 |
55.8 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
226 |
86.6 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
35 |
13.4 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do you communicate with co-workers about your firm’s interests in Debian? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
41 |
15.7 |
78.8 |
78.8 |
|
No |
11 |
4.2 |
21.2 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
52 |
19.9 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
209 |
80.1 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do the collaborative production practices of the Debian project impact your (paid) job? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
No impact |
87 |
33.3 |
43.9 |
43.9 |
|
Some impact |
80 |
30.7 |
40.4 |
84.3 |
|
|
Significant impact |
31 |
11.9 |
15.7 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
198 |
75.9 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
63 |
24.1 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Do you feel more passionate about your (paid) job or about Debian? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Debian |
94 |
36.0 |
41.0 |
41.0 |
|
(Paid) job |
30 |
11.5 |
13.1 |
54.1 |
|
|
Neither / equal |
105 |
40.2 |
45.9 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
229 |
87.7 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
32 |
12.3 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
How would you compare your role in Debian project to your role at work? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
They are similar positions / they require the same skillset |
76 |
29.1 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
|
They are different positions / they require different skillsets |
152 |
58.2 |
66.7 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
228 |
87.4 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
33 |
12.6 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
How much pressure do you feel to meet delivery goals and deadlines — in Debian and at work? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
More pressure at work/ less in Debian |
178 |
68.2 |
78.1 |
78.1 |
|
Equal amounts of pressure at work and in Debian |
45 |
17.2 |
19.7 |
97.8 |
|
|
More pressure in Debian / less at work |
5 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
228 |
87.4 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
33 |
12.6 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
For tasks of similar difficulty or interest, how do you feel when you work on a Debian project compared to a work project? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Happier in Debian |
93 |
35.6 |
41.9 |
41.9 |
|
The same |
111 |
42.5 |
50.0 |
91.9 |
|
|
Happier at work |
18 |
6.9 |
8.1 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
222 |
85.1 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
39 |
14.9 |
|||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||
|
Does your firm engage with the Debian project or consider itself a stakeholder in Debian? |
|||||
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
||
|
Valid |
Yes |
54 |
20.7 |
25.0 |
25.0 |
|
No |
162 |
62.1 |
75.0 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
216 |
82.8 |
100.0 |
||
|
Missing |
System |
45 |
17.2 |
||
|
Total |
261 |
100.0 |
|||